What is considered the fundamental law of the U.S that establishes the responsibilities and rights of the federal courts?

The U.S. Constitution is regarded as the fundamental law of the United States because it lays the foundational framework for the structure of the federal government, including the judicial branch, and delineates the powers and responsibilities of federal courts. This document outlines not only the establishment of the Supreme Court but also the lower federal courts, their jurisdiction, and the rights of individuals in relation to the government.

The Constitution is the supreme law of the land, meaning that all laws and statutes must align with its provisions. Therefore, the rights granted under the Constitution, such as due process and equal protection, directly influence the operations and decisions of federal courts. Additionally, it serves as a reference point for interpreting federal law, guiding judges as they apply and enforce statutes and regulations.

In contrast, federal statutes are laws passed by Congress and apply within the framework established by the Constitution. State constitutions govern state courts and jurisdictions but do not pertain to federal courts, while international treaties may interact with U.S. law, they do not serve as the foundational document for the rights and responsibilities of federal courts.